Source: http://www.energy.gov/
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Regularly replacing the air filter in your heating and cooling system is often recommended as an energy-saving strategy, but how do dirty air filters actually increase your energy costs? A dirty filter will slow down air flow, making your heating or cooling system work harder to maintain a comfortable temperature. This wastes energy and increases your utility bill.
Air filters also protect heating and cooling system components from accumulating dirt. If the filter becomes too dirty, air will go around the filtration section and deposit dirt directly on system components; this can reduce equipment performance and indoor air quality. This will increase maintenance significantly because more time and expertise will be required to clean system components than what is needed to change filters.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recommends that you check filters once per month, especially during periods of heavy use, such as winter and summer. The DOE estimates that a properly maintained filter will provide energy savings of 5% to 15%. If the filter is dirty, change it. At a minimum, conventional filters should be changed every three months. Other types of filters need less frequent replacement. Media air filters, for example, have a high capacity and only require changing once per year. Check manufacturer guidelines for specific filter maintenance recommendations.
Energy-Saving Tips
In addition to replacing your air filter regularly, the following tips will help you reduce your heating and cooling costs all year long:
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Have your heating and cooling system inspected and cleaned each year by a qualified professional.
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Install a programmable thermostat to adjust temperatures automatically when your house is unoccupied and at night while you are sleeping.
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Seal windows and doors with caulk and weather stripping to prevent air leaks.
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Use ceiling fans to circulate air. They will make your home more comfortable and reduce the need for air conditioning. In winter, reverse the direction of ceiling fans to force warm air down.
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Proper insulation can dramatically reduce heating and cooling costs. An energy auditor can evaluate your insulation levels and determine the need for additional insulation.
If your heating or cooling system is over 15 years old or requires frequent repair, consider replacing it with an ENERGY STAR qualified unit. ENERGY STAR certified heating and cooling systems are more energy efficient than standard models.